What term is used for substances that cause physical defects in a developing embryo?

The term used for substances that cause physical defects in a developing embryo is teratogens. These agents can lead to congenital abnormalities and developmental issues in the fetus when a pregnant individual is exposed to them. Teratogens can include various factors such as drugs, alcohol, infections, and environmental toxins, all of which can disrupt normal development at critical stages of pregnancy.

Understanding the impact of teratogens is crucial in public health as it informs guidelines for prenatal care and risk assessments for pregnant individuals, ultimately aiming to reduce the incidence of birth defects and ensure healthier outcomes for infants. The other terms listed refer to different processes. Mutagens are substances that cause alterations in DNA, carcinogens are agents that can lead to cancer, and gametotoxins affect the reproductive cells, but do not specifically pertain to embryonic development.